Selim III was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1807. He is known for his attempts to modernize the empire and implement reforms in military, administration, and education. His efforts aimed to strengthen the empire against European powers and improve its efficiency. Despite his progressive ideas, Selim III faced significant opposition from traditionalists within the empire. In 1807, he was deposed in a coup led by the Janissaries, the elite military corps. His reign marked a pivotal moment in Ottoman history, highlighting the challenges of modernization in a rapidly changing world.