The Ottoman Reform refers to a series of governmental and social changes in the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century, aimed at modernizing the state and improving its efficiency. These reforms included the introduction of new legal codes, educational systems, and military organization, inspired by European models. The goal was to strengthen the empire and address internal challenges, such as corruption and economic decline. Key reforms were initiated during the Tanzimat period (1839-1876), which emphasized equality for all citizens, regardless of religion. The Hatt-i Sharif of Gulhane in 1839 marked the beginning of these reforms, promoting civil rights and administrative changes to create a more centralized and modern state.