Selim I was the ninth Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1512 to 1520. He is often referred to as "Selim the Grim" due to his fierce and determined nature. Selim I expanded the empire significantly, conquering vast territories in the Middle East, including Egypt and Syria. His military campaigns helped establish the Ottomans as a dominant power in the region. Under Selim I's rule, the Ottoman Empire became a center of Islamic authority, as he claimed the title of Caliph. This strengthened the empire's influence over the Muslim world. His reign marked a turning point in Ottoman history, setting the stage for future expansion and cultural achievements.