Self-flagellation is the act of inflicting pain on oneself, often as a form of punishment or penance. This practice has historical roots in various religious traditions, where individuals believed that suffering could lead to spiritual purification or a closer connection to the divine. In some cultures, self-flagellation is performed using tools like whips or other implements to strike the body. It has been notably associated with certain sects of Christianity, particularly during the Middle Ages, as well as with Islamic rituals during specific observances. Today, it is less common and often viewed with concern regarding mental health.