Secondary growth is a process in plants that increases the thickness of stems and roots. This growth occurs in woody plants, such as trees and shrubs, through the activity of the cambium, a layer of cells that divides to produce new vascular tissue. The cambium generates xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside, allowing the plant to transport water, nutrients, and food more efficiently. As secondary growth progresses, the plant develops a stronger structure, enabling it to support larger branches and leaves. This growth is essential for long-term survival, as it helps plants withstand environmental stresses and compete for sunlight. Overall, secondary growth plays a crucial role in the life cycle of many perennial plants.