The Second London Naval Treaty, signed in 1936, aimed to limit naval armaments among major powers, specifically the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, France, and Italy. This treaty sought to build on the agreements made in the earlier Washington Naval Treaty and the First London Naval Treaty, promoting peace and reducing the risk of naval arms races. However, the treaty faced challenges as Japan withdrew in 1937, leading to a breakdown in negotiations. The agreement ultimately failed to prevent the escalation of naval competition and tensions in the lead-up to World War II, highlighting the difficulties of maintaining international arms control.