The Second Indo-Pakistani War occurred in 1965 between India and Pakistan over the disputed region of Kashmir. The conflict began when Pakistan launched Operation Gibraltar, aiming to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to incite rebellion against Indian rule. The war lasted for about five weeks, resulting in significant military engagements on both sides. The war ended with a ceasefire brokered by the Soviet Union and led to the signing of the Tashkent Agreement in January 1966. Although neither side achieved a decisive victory, the conflict solidified the ongoing tensions between India and Pakistan regarding territorial claims in Kashmir.