The Second Greco-Turkish War took place from 1919 to 1922, following the end of World War I. It was primarily fought between the Kingdom of Greece and the newly established Republic of Turkey. The conflict arose from territorial disputes in the aftermath of the war, particularly over the region of Western Anatolia, which Greece sought to annex. The war ended with a decisive victory for Turkey, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The conflict resulted in significant territorial losses for Greece and contributed to the population exchange between the two nations, formalized in the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.