The Second Fitna was a civil war in the early Islamic community that occurred from 680 to 692 CE. It arose after the death of Muawiya I, leading to a power struggle between the Umayyad dynasty and various factions, including supporters of Ali and his son Husayn. The conflict was marked by significant battles, including the Battle of Karbala, where Husayn was killed. This period was crucial in shaping the political landscape of the Islamic world. The Second Fitna ultimately solidified Umayyad rule, but it also deepened divisions within the Muslim community, particularly between Sunni and Shia Muslims, influencing Islamic history for centuries.