The Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1880) was a conflict between the British Empire and the Emirate of Afghanistan. It arose from British concerns over Russian influence in Central Asia and aimed to establish a friendly Afghan government. The war began when British forces invaded Afghanistan, leading to a series of battles. The conflict saw significant events, including the capture of Kabul and the disastrous retreat from Kabul in 1879. Ultimately, the British secured a treaty that allowed them to control Afghan foreign policy, but the war left a legacy of resentment and instability in the region.