A search algorithm is a method used to find specific data within a larger set of information. It systematically explores the data to locate a desired item, such as a number in a list or a webpage on the internet. Common types of search algorithms include linear search and binary search, each with its own approach and efficiency. These algorithms are essential in computer science and are widely used in various applications, from searching databases to navigating the World Wide Web. They help improve the speed and accuracy of retrieving information, making them fundamental to software development and data management.