Seafloor topography refers to the underwater landscape of the ocean floor, which includes various features such as mountains, valleys, and plains. These features are shaped by geological processes like tectonic activity, erosion, and sediment deposition. The seafloor is often mapped using sonar technology, allowing scientists to create detailed images of its structure. Key features of seafloor topography include mid-ocean ridges, trenches, and seamounts. Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain ranges formed by tectonic plate movements, while trenches are deep, narrow depressions in the ocean floor. Seamounts are underwater volcanoes that rise from the seafloor, contributing to the diverse topography of the ocean.