Scottish science has a rich history, contributing significantly to various fields such as medicine, engineering, and physics. Notable figures include James Clerk Maxwell, who formulated the theory of electromagnetism, and Alexander Graham Bell, credited with inventing the telephone. Scotland's universities, like University of Edinburgh and University of Glasgow, have been centers of scientific research and innovation. In addition to historical contributions, modern Scottish science continues to thrive. Institutions like The Roslin Institute focus on animal genetics and biotechnology, while Scottish Universities Physics Alliance promotes collaboration in physics research. Scotland's commitment to science is evident in its investment in research and development.