The Scottish National Covenant was a document signed in 1638 by Scottish Presbyterians to defend their religious rights against the imposition of Anglican practices by the English crown. It asserted the commitment of the Scottish people to uphold their traditional forms of worship and governance, rejecting any changes that threatened their faith. The Covenant played a significant role in the lead-up to the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which included the English Civil War. It united various factions in Scotland against perceived threats to their religious and political autonomy, ultimately influencing the course of Scottish history and its relationship with England.