Scottish monarchs have played a significant role in the history of Scotland, with a lineage that dates back to the early medieval period. The first recognized king was Kenneth MacAlpin, who united the Scots and Picts in the 9th century. Over the centuries, the monarchy faced challenges, including invasions and internal conflicts, leading to a complex history of power struggles. The Stuart dynasty became prominent in the late 14th century, culminating in the union of the crowns in 1603 when James VI of Scotland also became James I of England. This marked the beginning of a new era, influencing both Scottish and English history significantly.