Scotland has a rich history of innovation, contributing significantly to various fields. One notable invention is the steam engine, developed by James Watt in the 18th century, which revolutionized transportation and industry. Another important creation is the telephone, invented by Alexander Graham Bell, which transformed communication worldwide. In addition to these, Scotland is known for the invention of tartan, a patterned fabric that symbolizes Scottish heritage. The refrigerator was also improved by William Cullen, enhancing food preservation. These inventions highlight Scotland's impact on technology and culture throughout history.