Jean-Paul Sartre was a French philosopher, playwright, and novelist, born in 1905 and died in 1980. He is best known for his contributions to existentialism, a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom and choice. Sartre's most famous works include the novel Nausea and the play No Exit, where he explores themes of existence, freedom, and the human condition. In addition to his literary achievements, Sartre was also a political activist and a prominent figure in 20th-century philosophy. He rejected traditional notions of morality and argued that individuals must create their own values in an indifferent universe. His ideas have influenced various fields, including literature, psychology, and political theory.