The Sarmatians were an ancient group of nomadic tribes that lived in the Eurasian steppes, primarily in what is now southern Russia and Ukraine. They emerged around the 5th century BCE and were known for their horse-riding skills and warrior culture. The Sarmatians spoke an Iranian language and were closely related to the Scythians, another group of nomadic people. Sarmatian society was matriarchal, with women often taking on roles as warriors and leaders. They are famous for their elaborate burial practices, which included placing valuable items in graves. The Sarmatians played a significant role in the history of the region until their decline around the 4th century CE, influenced by the expansion of the Goths and other groups.