Sarmatia was an ancient region located in Eastern Europe, primarily inhabited by the Sarmatians, a group of nomadic tribes. This area roughly corresponds to parts of modern-day Poland, Ukraine, and Russia. The Sarmatians were known for their horse-riding skills and warrior culture, often engaging in conflicts with neighboring peoples, including the Scythians and Romans. The Sarmatians played a significant role in the history of the region from around the 5th century BC until the 4th century AD. They were influential in the cultural and political landscape of Eastern Europe, contributing to the development of trade routes and interactions with other civilizations, such as the Byzantine Empire.