Sample size refers to the number of observations or data points collected in a study or survey. It is a crucial aspect of research design, as a larger sample size generally leads to more reliable and valid results. A well-chosen sample size helps researchers draw accurate conclusions about a larger population, represented by the sample. Determining the appropriate sample size involves considering factors such as the desired level of confidence, the expected variability in the data, and the specific objectives of the study. Statistical formulas and software can assist researchers in calculating the ideal sample size to ensure their findings are meaningful and applicable to the broader population.