The Samanid Empire was a Persian state that existed from the 9th to the 10th century, primarily in present-day Iran, Uzbekistan, and parts of Tajikistan. It was founded by the Samanid dynasty, which played a crucial role in the cultural and political revival of Persian identity after the Arab conquests. The empire is known for its contributions to literature, science, and architecture. The Samanids were significant patrons of the arts and education, fostering a rich cultural environment. Notable figures like the poet Rudaki emerged during this period, and the empire is often credited with laying the groundwork for the later Persian Empire. The Samanid capital, Bukhara, became a center of learning and trade.