State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) are companies that are owned and operated by a government. They are established to provide essential services, manage natural resources, or support economic development. Examples of SOEs include utilities, transportation services, and oil companies. SOEs can play a significant role in a country's economy by creating jobs and generating revenue. However, they may also face challenges such as inefficiency and lack of competition. Governments often regulate SOEs to ensure they meet public needs while balancing financial sustainability and service quality.