The sulfate ion, represented as SO4^2-, is a polyatomic ion composed of one sulfur atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. It carries a negative charge of two, which is due to the presence of two extra electrons. Sulfate is commonly found in nature and is a key component in various minerals and salts. Sulfate plays an important role in many biological and chemical processes. It is essential for the synthesis of certain amino acids and is involved in the formation of sulfuric acid, a significant industrial chemical. Additionally, sulfate is often found in fertilizers, helping to promote plant growth.