SO4 is the chemical formula for the sulfate ion, which consists of one sulfur atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. It carries a negative charge of two, making it a polyatomic ion commonly found in various compounds. Sulfates are prevalent in nature and can be found in minerals, salts, and even in the atmosphere. Sulfates play a significant role in many industrial processes, including the production of fertilizers, detergents, and pharmaceuticals. They are also important in environmental science, as they can affect water quality and contribute to acid rain when released into the atmosphere through human activities.