S1P receptors, or sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, are a group of proteins found on the surface of cells. They play a crucial role in various biological processes, including cell migration, proliferation, and survival. These receptors are activated by sphingosine-1-phosphate, a lipid signaling molecule that influences immune responses and vascular development. There are five known subtypes of S1P receptors, labeled S1P1 to S1P5. Each subtype has distinct functions and tissue distributions, contributing to their diverse roles in the body. Research on S1P receptors is important for understanding diseases such as autoimmune disorders and cancer, as they can be potential therapeutic targets.