The Russian aristocracy refers to the noble class in Russia, which held significant power and influence from the medieval period until the early 20th century. This elite group owned vast estates and enjoyed privileges, such as exemption from certain taxes and the right to serve in the government or military. They played a crucial role in shaping Russian culture, politics, and society, often supporting the arts and education. During the reign of the Romanov dynasty, the aristocracy flourished, with families like the Tolstoys and Rostovs becoming well-known. However, the Russian Revolution in 1917 led to the downfall of the aristocracy, as many nobles lost their lands and titles, and some fled the country.