The Russian Provisional Government was established in March 1917 after the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II during the February Revolution. It aimed to create a democratic government and manage the country until a Constituent Assembly could be elected. The Provisional Government faced numerous challenges, including ongoing involvement in World War I and widespread social unrest. Despite its initial support, the Provisional Government struggled to address key issues like land reform and peace. Its inability to gain popular support led to its downfall in October 1917, when the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized power during the October Revolution.