Russian military history spans centuries, marked by significant events and transformations. From the early Kievan Rus in the 9th century to the rise of the Mongol Empire, Russia faced numerous invasions and conflicts. The Grand Duchy of Moscow emerged as a powerful state, eventually leading to the formation of the Russian Empire in the 18th century under Peter the Great, who modernized the military. The 19th and 20th centuries saw Russia involved in major wars, including the Napoleonic Wars and both World Wars. The Soviet Union played a crucial role in World War II, contributing to the defeat of Nazi Germany. Post-war, Russia maintained a significant military presence during the Cold War, influencing global politics.