Runway length refers to the distance available for an aircraft to take off and land safely. It is a critical factor in aviation, as different types of aircraft require varying lengths of runway to operate effectively. Factors such as aircraft weight, weather conditions, and altitude of the airport can influence the necessary runway length. Airports are designed with specific runway lengths to accommodate the types of aircraft that will use them. For example, larger commercial jets like the Boeing 747 need longer runways compared to smaller regional planes. Proper runway length ensures safety and efficiency in air travel.