Rubella, also known as the German measles, is a contagious viral infection characterized by a mild rash and fever. It is caused by the rubella virus and is primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. While it often causes mild symptoms in children and adults, rubella can lead to serious complications during pregnancy, including birth defects. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent rubella. The MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, is typically administered in childhood. Public health efforts have significantly reduced the incidence of rubella in many countries, but outbreaks can still occur, especially in areas with low vaccination rates.