The Roman government evolved over time, starting as a monarchy, then becoming a republic, and finally transitioning into an empire. During the Roman Republic, power was held by elected officials, including two consuls who served as leaders, and a Senate composed of wealthy citizens. This system allowed for a balance of power and representation. As the Roman Empire expanded, the government became more centralized under the authority of the emperor. The emperor held significant power, often controlling military, political, and religious aspects of life. Despite this, local governance continued through provincial leaders, maintaining some level of local administration.