Roman civilization was one of the most influential cultures in history, emerging around 753 BCE in the city of Rome. It expanded to dominate much of Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia at its height. The Romans are known for their advancements in architecture, engineering, and law, including the construction of iconic structures like the Colosseum and the development of a complex system of roads. The Roman Republic, established in 509 BCE, later transitioned into the Roman Empire in 27 BCE under Augustus. This period saw significant cultural and political achievements, including the spread of Latin language and Roman law. The civilization's legacy continues to influence modern governance, language, and architecture.