Roman agriculture was the backbone of the ancient Roman economy, providing food and resources for its vast population. Farmers cultivated a variety of crops, including wheat, barley, grapes, and olives. They used advanced techniques such as crop rotation and irrigation to enhance productivity. Large estates, known as latifundia, were common and often worked by slaves. Livestock also played a crucial role in Roman agriculture, with cattle, sheep, and pigs being raised for meat, milk, and wool. The Romans developed tools like the plow and sickle to improve farming efficiency. Overall, agriculture was essential for sustaining the Roman way of life and supporting its military and trade.