Roger II was a Norman king who ruled over the Kingdom of Sicily from 1130 until his death in 1139. He was the son of Roger I, the first count of Sicily, and he expanded his territory significantly, uniting various regions under his rule. His reign is noted for its cultural and economic prosperity, as well as the establishment of a centralized government. Under Roger II, Sicily became a melting pot of different cultures, including Arab, Byzantine, and Latin influences. He was known for promoting the arts and sciences, leading to a flourishing of knowledge and architecture. His court attracted scholars and artists, making Sicily a center of learning in the Mediterranean.