Robert Guiscard was a prominent Norman leader in the 11th century, known for his military prowess and strategic acumen. Born around 1015 in Normandy, he played a crucial role in the Norman conquest of southern Italy and Sicily. His leadership helped establish Norman rule in these regions, significantly influencing their political landscape. Guiscard became the Duke of Apulia and later the Duke of Sicily, expanding his territories through a series of successful campaigns. He was also known for his conflicts with the Byzantine Empire and the Pope, showcasing his ambition and desire for power during a time of significant change in medieval Europe.