Robert, Duke of Parma, was born on November 18, 1848, in Parma, Italy. He was a member of the House of Bourbon and served as the Duke of Parma from 1854 until his death in 1907. His reign was marked by efforts to modernize the duchy and improve its economy. As a duke, Robert was known for his interest in the arts and culture. He supported various initiatives to promote education and infrastructure in Parma. His legacy includes contributions to the region's development and a commitment to the welfare of his subjects.