River flooding occurs when water levels in a river rise above its banks, causing water to overflow into surrounding areas. This can happen due to heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or a combination of both. When the ground becomes saturated, it can no longer absorb additional water, leading to increased runoff and higher river levels. Flooding can have significant impacts on communities, including damage to homes, infrastructure, and agriculture. Emergency services often need to respond quickly to evacuate residents and provide assistance. Understanding the causes and effects of river flooding is essential for effective management and disaster preparedness in affected regions.