The Rio Declaration is a set of principles aimed at guiding sustainable development, adopted during the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It emphasizes the importance of balancing economic growth with environmental protection and social equity, highlighting the need for global cooperation in addressing environmental issues. The declaration consists of 27 principles that address various aspects of sustainable development, including the rights of indigenous peoples, the importance of public participation in environmental decision-making, and the need for countries to cooperate in managing shared resources. It serves as a foundational document for international environmental law and policy.