The Riemann Hypothesis is a famous unsolved problem in mathematics that concerns the distribution of prime numbers. Proposed by mathematician Bernhard Riemann in 1859, it suggests that all non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function lie on a specific line in the complex number plane, known as the "critical line." This hypothesis has significant implications for number theory and the understanding of primes. If proven true, it would enhance our knowledge of how primes are spaced and could lead to advancements in various fields, including cryptography and computer science.