Richard I of England, also known as Richard the Lionheart, was born on September 8, 1157. He became king in 1189 and is best known for his role in the Third Crusade, where he sought to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim control. His leadership and military skills earned him a reputation as a brave and formidable warrior. Richard spent much of his reign away from England, focusing on his crusading efforts and conflicts in France. He was captured during his return journey in 1192 and held for ransom, which strained England's resources. He died on April 6, 1199, from a wound sustained in battle.