The Ricardian Model is an economic theory developed by the British economist David Ricardo in the early 19th century. It explains how countries can benefit from trade by specializing in the production of goods in which they have a comparative advantage, meaning they can produce those goods at a lower opportunity cost than others. In this model, each country focuses on producing specific goods, leading to increased efficiency and overall production. By trading these specialized goods, countries can enjoy a greater variety of products and improved economic welfare, illustrating the benefits of international trade and cooperation.