The Rho family of GTPases is a group of proteins that play a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes, including cell shape, movement, and division. These proteins act as molecular switches, cycling between an active and inactive state, which allows them to control signaling pathways within the cell. Members of the Rho family, such as RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, are involved in the organization of the cytoskeleton, influencing how cells adhere to surfaces and interact with their environment. Dysregulation of these proteins can lead to various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disorders.