Rho proteins are a family of small GTPases that play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell division, cytoskeletal organization, and gene expression. They act as molecular switches, cycling between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state, which allows them to regulate different signaling pathways within the cell. These proteins are involved in the regulation of actin dynamics, influencing cell shape and movement. Additionally, Rho proteins interact with various downstream effectors, leading to diverse biological outcomes, such as promoting cell adhesion and migration, which are essential for processes like wound healing and immune responses.