Reverse transcription is a biological process where RNA is converted into DNA. This occurs in certain viruses, such as HIV, which use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to synthesize DNA from their RNA genome. This newly formed DNA can then integrate into the host cell's genome, allowing the virus to replicate. In laboratory settings, reverse transcription is commonly used in techniques like RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). This method helps researchers study gene expression by converting mRNA into complementary cDNA, which can then be amplified and analyzed. This process is crucial for understanding various biological functions and diseases.