Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a condition that affects the eyes of premature infants. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. This can lead to vision problems or even blindness if not treated. ROP is more common in babies born before 31 weeks of gestation or who weigh less than 3.3 pounds at birth. The exact cause of ROP is not fully understood, but factors like oxygen therapy and the infant's overall health can contribute. Regular eye exams are essential for early detection and management, helping to prevent severe vision loss in affected infants.