The retinal vascular system consists of blood vessels that supply the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. This system includes arteries and veins that deliver oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products. Proper functioning of these vessels is crucial for maintaining healthy vision. The main arteries in the retinal vascular system are the central retinal artery and its branches, which provide blood to the inner layers of the retina. The central retinal vein collects blood from the retina and drains it back to the heart. Any abnormalities in this system can lead to vision problems or diseases such as diabetic retinopathy.