The Restoration era refers to the period in England following the end of the English Civil War and the subsequent execution of King Charles I in 1649. It began in 1660 when the monarchy was restored with Charles II ascending to the throne. This era marked a return to royal authority and the re-establishment of the Church of England, leading to significant political and social changes. During the Restoration, there was a flourishing of the arts, particularly in theater and literature. Playwrights like Aphra Behn and William Wycherley gained prominence, and the period is known for its vibrant cultural scene. The era also saw the emergence of new scientific ideas, with figures like Isaac Newton making groundbreaking contributions.