A respiratory infection is an illness that affects the airways and lungs, often caused by viruses or bacteria. Common types include the common cold, influenza, and pneumonia. Symptoms may include coughing, sneezing, sore throat, and difficulty breathing. These infections can spread through droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Most respiratory infections are mild and can be treated at home with rest and fluids. However, some can lead to more serious complications, especially in vulnerable populations like the elderly or those with underlying health conditions. Vaccines are available for certain infections, such as the flu and COVID-19, to help prevent illness.