Respiratory disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the lungs and airways, making it difficult to breathe. Common types include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia. These diseases can be caused by factors such as smoking, pollution, infections, and genetic predispositions. Symptoms of respiratory diseases often include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Diagnosis typically involves physical examinations, imaging tests like X-rays, and lung function tests. Treatment options may include medications, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, surgery to improve lung function and overall health.