Resistance heating is a process where electrical energy is converted into heat through the resistance of a material. When an electric current passes through a conductor, such as a metal wire, the resistance causes the material to heat up. This principle is commonly used in devices like electric heaters and toasters, where the heat generated is used for cooking or warming. The efficiency of resistance heating depends on the material's resistivity and the amount of current flowing through it. Common materials used for resistance heating include nichrome and copper, which are chosen for their ability to withstand high temperatures while providing effective heat generation.